Sunday, December 24, 2023

Two Abstracts for: The Cambridge Handbook of the Minimalist Program (forthcoming, Grohmann and Leivada eds.)

I am very proud of both of these little squibs, which are both foundational. Erich Groat and Daniel Seely are two of the deepest thinkers about the foundations of minimalist syntax out there, and I am honored to have been able to work with them. Both of these papers follow closely on earlier results of mine, including Collins 2002 ('Eliminating Labels') and Collins and Stabler 2016 ('A Formaliation of Minimalist Syntax'). I am glad that they are finally going to see the light of day in Grohmann and Leivada's eagerly anticipated handbook.

Chomsky and Me Too: Review of Stohl 2023

(https://www.orbooks.com/catalog/chomsky-and-me/)

In this blog post, I review Bev Stohl’s memoir ‘Chomsky and Me’ (2023, OR Books) from my personal point of view, as a graduate student who attended the MIT Department of Linguistics from 1988 to 1993. To complement Stohl’s perspective, I describe some of my own experiences in the department, studying with Chomsky.

Friday, December 22, 2023

Harvard Society of Fellows Application (September 2 1992)


At the end of graduate school, I applied for Harvard’s Society of Fellows. It was basically a three-year period where one could do any research one wanted, and interact with all kinds of very smart people. I knew Chomsky had been a fellow nearly forty years earlier, and that this fellowship allowed him the intellectual room to write his master piece the Language Structure of Linguistic Theory (LSLT, of which his dissertation is a chapter). I would have loved following in his footsteps. My application was all about economy of derivation and trying to develop it in various ways. I applied for the position, and told Morris Halle, who said to me something like: “No, you will never get it.” I was hurt by that comment, but he was just being realistic. I did not get the fellowship. 

Several MIT linguistics students subsequently went on to get the fellowship.

Monday, November 6, 2023

Two Abstracts for ACAL55 on Kalahari Khoe

Here are two related abstracts that I submitted for ACAL55 with co-authors. ACAL stands for Annual Conference on African Linguistics.

They both concern the classification of Khoe-Kwadi languages (Central Khoisan). The first deals specifically with Tshila, which has not been very well classified before. The second deals with the structure of the Kalahari Khoe subgroup of Khoe-Kwadi, arguing that it should be divided into northern and southern Kalahari Khoe. The methodology of the second paper is based on the Bantu linguistics paper by Marten, Kula and Thwala 2007. 

As of the posting date (November 6, 2023), neither abstract has been either accepted or rejected.


Batchelder-Schwab, Andre and Chris Collins. 2023. Classification of Tshila. 

Abstract submitted to ACAL55. Abstract.


Collins, Chris and Anne-Maria Fehn. 2023. Parameters of Morphosyntactic Variation in Kalahari Khoe.

Abstract submitted to ACAL55. Abstract.


On implicit arguments and logophoricity (NELS abstract, Angelopoulos and Collins 2023)

This abstract was accepted as a poster at NELS 54 (2024). Empirically, it documents differences between exempt anaphora in Greek and English. It accounts for those differences by postulating a deep connection between logophoricity and implicit arguments in the sense of Collins 2023 (forthcoming, MIT Press). 

If you are unable to download the abstract, let me know.

Abstract: On implicit arguments and logophoricity


Saturday, October 14, 2023

Possible Seminar Topics 2024-2025

The following is a list of possible seminar topics for 2024-2-25. That is, each item below represents a different seminar topic. I need to choose one of them.

1.

Quotative Inversion

We will begin the semester reviewing the literature on quotative inversion written in the wake of Collins and Branigan (1997). We will try to systematically enumerate all known syntactic properties of quotative inversion in English. We will then develop a more modern account based on remnant movement and smuggling. Connections to related phenomena, such as locative inversion and subject-object inversion in Bantu, will be explored. Students will be encouraged to look at quotative inversion cross-linguistically for course papers and presentations.

2.

Merge, MERGE and Workspaces.

Recent work on the foundations of minimalism, by Chomsky and others, has focused on the role of the workspace in syntactic derivations. In this seminar, we will review work on workspaces, starting with Collins and Stabler 2016. We will evaluate Chomsky’s arguments for MERGE over Merge. Emphasis will be on developing empirical predictions of the various theoretical formulations. Depending on the interest of the students, other possible topics may include labelling and copies versus repetitions.

3.

Morphology as Syntax: Spelling out Syntactic Structure

In this seminar, we will review various proposals in the morphology literature for spelling out syntactic structure, including proposals based on spans, DM (Vocabulary Insertion), Nanosyntax and MaS (Collins and Kayne 2023). We will discuss the theoretical foundations of each of these approaches. Then we will present various case studies from the literature, and compare them.

4.

Topics in Argument Structure

The purpose of this seminar will be to investigate a small range of topics (e.g., adjectival passives, unaccusatives) from the perspective the Merge-based approach to argument structure developed in Collins 2023 (see also Collins 2005). In the first two weeks, we will review the main results of Collins 2023, and then quickly branch off into unknown territory. The topics investigated will be decided jointly by the participants in the seminar.


Wednesday, October 11, 2023

Reply by Kenneth Wexler ("On Realizing External Arguments")

The following post is a reply by Prof. Kenneth Wexler to Chris Collins' blog post reviewing Koring et. al. ("On Realizing External Arguments", Linguistic Inquiry, forthcoming).

The article is found here:

Koring et. al. ("On Realizing External Arguments")

The review is found here:

Review of Koring et. al. (forthcoming)

Sunday, October 8, 2023

Review of "On Realizing External Arguments" by Koring et. al. (to appear, Linguistic Inquiry)

Review of “On Realizing External Arguments: A syntactic and implicature theory of the disjointness effect for passives in adult and child grammar” by Loes Koring, Eric Reuland, Nina Sangers and Ken Wexler. (to appear, Linguistic Inquiry)

(https://direct.mit.edu/ling/article-abstract/doi/10.1162/ling_a_00520/117701/On-Realizing-External-Arguments-A-Syntactic-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext)

Sunday, October 1, 2023

Cua September 2023 Fieldwork by the Numbers

From September 16, 2023 to September 30, 2023, we (Nikos and I) did fieldwork on Cua, an endangered Khoe-Kwadi language spoken in southeastern Botswana. We did the fieldwork in Diphuduhudu, which is to the west of the Molepolole-Lephephe road. One goal was to write a rough draft of a paper on the remarkable Cua pronominal system. Another goal was also to introduce Nikos to fieldwork on Khoisan linguistics. We accomplished these goals. 

Thursday, September 7, 2023

Summer Reading 2023

Continuing with the tradition I started last summer, I post my summer reading for 2023. These books cover roughly the time period between June 1, 2023, and August 31, 2023. If anybody wants to discuss these books with me, let me know.

Tuesday, September 5, 2023

Tshila 2023 Fieldwork by the Numbers

From August 24, 2023 to September 4, 2023, we (Andre and I) did fieldwork on Tshila, an endangered central Khoisan language spoken in southeastern Botswana. We did the fieldwork in Kaudwane, which is on the edge of the Khutse game reserve. The goals of the fieldwork were to collect at least 500 vocabulary items, at least one full pronoun chart (30 pronouns) and some basic grammatical information. We accomplished these goals. For context, we want (a) to set Andre up for future fieldwork on Tshila, and (b) to start the community thinking about developing an orthography.

Sunday, August 20, 2023

How to Syntax 1 (the now that-Construction)

This is the first of a series of blog posts showing how I think about a syntax problem when I first notice it. I will occasionally choose phenomena that I notice, and talk about them in an informal fashion, breaking down the process of preliminary syntactic exploration. That is, I am just thinking off the top of my head (brainstorming), with few or no revisions. The focus of the discussion will be on process. I am not trying to come up with a polished analysis. Of course, if people suggest references for me to look at, I will look at them later, but that would be a second stage of thought, not the preliminary exploration.

Monday, July 31, 2023

Summer 2023 Fieldwork by the Numbers

During June and July of 2023, we (Olivia and I) did fieldwork on Cua, an endangered central Khoisan language spoken in southeastern Botswana. We did the fieldwork in Gaborone (one week) and Diphuduhudu (one month). The goals were to finish a rough draft of the grammatical sketch, bring the number of lexical entries up to at least 1,000, and to continue working on oral texts. We were successful in these goals.

Friday, June 23, 2023

MaS3 (Morphology as Syntax 3)

 Morphology as Syntax 3

LinguistList Announcement

Short Title: MaS3

Date: 15-Sep-2023 - 16-Sep-2023

Location: Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada

Contact: Tom Leu

Contact Email: leu.thomas@uqam.ca

Linguistic Field(s): Linguistic Theories

Meeting Description:

The purpose of this workshop is to investigate the relationship between morphology and syntax, and in particular to investigate the extent to which morphological generalizations can be accounted for in terms of purely syntactic operations and conditions. Can morphology and syntax be unified under purely Merge based theories with the same principles? If so, what does this tell us about the type of syntactic theory we should pursue?

Invited speakers (in alphabetical order):

Léna Baunaz (University of Geneva)

Vicki Carstens (University of Connecticut)

James Crippen (McGill University)

Peter Kondwandi Msaka (University of Malawi)

Neil Myler (Boston University)

Sandhya Sundaresan (SUNY Stony Brook)

Peter Svenonius (University of Tromsø)

Wednesday, June 21, 2023

Papers on Negation and Quantifiers

Here is a series of five papers I have written recently concerning negation, quantifiers and negating quantifiers. They are all syntax/semantics interface papers, with a substantial semantic component. The constant theme throughout is the application of the basic framework of Collins and Postal 2014 to various phenomena. 

Wednesday, June 14, 2023

Guest Blog Post by Pauline Jacobson on Constituent Structure

Losing sight of the forest through the trees:  

Remarks on constituent structure and constituent structure tests 

Pauline Jacobson

Program in Linguistics

Brown University

Original .pdf Version

This is a guest blog which I was invited to write by Chris Collins. I am very grateful to Chris for the opportunity to write up and post these thoughts.  Needless to say, he doesn't necessarily agree with or endorse anything in these remarks. 

Thursday, May 4, 2023

Tse Ke Di Ratang Le Tse Ke Sa Di Rateng Kwa Metseng Ya Botswana

This is a translation into Setswana of an earlier blog post. I would like to thank Seabelo John for helping me with this translation.

Likes and Dislikes of Living in Rural Botswana

Tse Ke Di Ratang Le Tse Ke Sa Di Rateng Kwa Metseng Ya Botswana 

(with the help of Seabelo John)

(ka thuso ya ga Seabelo John)

These likes and dislikes are based on my experiences living in Diphuduhudu (local language: Cua) and Mokgenene (local language: Sasi) (being in) in rural Botswana  during my linguistic fieldwork. 

Dilo tse ke di ratang le tse ke sa di rateng di remeletse mo maitemogelong a me fa ke nna kwa Diphuduhudu (teme: Secua) le kwa Mokgenene (teme: Sesasi) e le metse ya Botswana jaaka ke  tlhotlhomisa diteme.

The locations I stayed at are called ‘settlements’, meaning that they were created as places where the ‘Basarwa’ (Khoisan population) could move to for access to amenities (e.g., school, clinic). 

Mafelo a ke neng ke nna mo go one a bidiwa bodulo/magae, go raya mafelo a Basarwa ba ka yang teng go bona ditlamelo jaaka dikolo le dikokelwana. 

I have no experience living in other kinds of rural villages in Botswana.

Ga ke na maitemogelo a go nna kwa metseng e mengwe ko Botswana. 

I am grateful to the people of these villages for their friendship and for supporting my research. 

Ke leboga banni ba metse e ka gore ba na le botsanalo gape ba rotloetsa ditlhotlhomiso tsa me.

Just to be clear, I love staying in the village and doing fieldwork. 

Ke batla gore batho ba tlhaloganye gore ke rata go nna mo metseng ke dira ditlhotlhomiso.

The likes and dislikes are presented in no particular order.

Dilo tse ke di ratang le tse ke sa di rateng ga di a tlhomaganngwa ka tsela epe.


Likes

Dilo tse ke di ratang

1. Seeing the stars and the Milky Way at night.

Go bona dinaledi le mokgatšha wa dinaledi bosigo.

2. Doing fieldwork all day long.

Go dira ditlhotlhomiso tsa puo letsatsi lotlhe.

3. Discovering something cool about Cua/Sasi.

Go tlhaloganya se sentle (se se kgatlhang) ka dipuo tsa Secua kgotsa Sesasi.

4. Interacting with my elderly consultants.

Go buisana le bagolo ba ba nthusang.

5. Hot fresh baked bread from the bakery.

Borotho jo bo molelo jo bo tswang kwa lebentleleng la borotho/maapeelong a borotho.

6. No e-mail, no TV, no Internet.

Ga go na melaetsa ya maranyane, setshwantso sa motshikhinyego, le enthanete mo motseng.

7. Giving clothes to children, and seeing them smile and laugh.

Go neela bana diaparo, le go ba bona ba nyenya ba bo ba tshega.

8. Listening to Stadium play his guitar.

Go reetsa Stadium a tshameka katara ya gagwe.

9. Stadium’s song: ‘On the other side of the river, there is no honey.’

Pina ya ga Stadium:  ‘Kwa boseja ga noka, ga gona dinotshi’.

10. Hearing and practicing Cua/Sasi.

Go utlwa le go ikatisa Secua le SeSasi.

11. Hearing and practicing Setswana.

Go utlwa le go ikatisa Setswana.

12. Using my solar panel for electricity.

Go dirisa maranyane a me a a dirisang letsatsi go fetlha motlakase.

13. Seeing six red bars (charged) on the inverter.

Go bona invetara (sekaedi sa motlakase) e/se  na le masedi a mahibidu a le marataro. 

14. Sitting around a fire at night talking.

Go ora molelo, le go bua le ditsala bosigo.

15. Eating motogo (sorghum porridge) in the morning.

Go ja motogo phakela.

16. Taking walks in the village after work, talking to people.

Go tsamaya ka dinao mo motseng morago ga tiro (fa re tÅ¡haisa), 

le go bua le batho ba motse.

17. Taking a hot bucket shower, in my office.

Go tlhapa ka metsi a molelo mo emereng mo ofising ya me.

18. Playing Morabaraba (advanced tic-tac-toe) in the sand/on the ground.

Go tshameka Morabaraba (kgotsa Mhele/Mohele) mo mmung.

19. Waking up to the rooster crowing.

Go tsoga mokoko o lela.

20. Locating and buying local products (e.g., tomatoes, vegetables, eggs)

Go batla le go reka dijo tsa mo gae jaaka ditamati, merogo, le mae.

21. Driving to the nearest town for provisions.

Go kgweeletsa kwa motseng wa mabapi go batla dithoto.

22. Absolute quiet in the middle of the night.

Ga go na modumo gotlhelele bosigogare.

23. Breathing the fresh country air.

Go hema pefo e phepha ya motse.

24. Watching the sunrise and sunset over the desert.

Go bona tlhabo ya letsatsi le phirimo ya letsatsi mo sekakeng.

25. Living outside my comfort zone.

Go nna go sena manobonobo.


Dislikes

Tse ke sa di rateng

1. Flies everywhere, all the time.

Go na le dintsi tse dintsi gongwe le gongwe, letsatsi le letsatsi.

2. Sand on my office floor.

Go na le motlhaba fa fatshe mo ofising yame.

3. Walking on sand.

Go tsamaya ka dinao mo motlhabeng.

4. Getting sand in shoes.

Go tsenwa ke motlhaba mo ditlhakong

5. Thorns in sand.

Mitlwa mo motlhabeng.

6. Seeing people living in abject poverty.

Go bona batho ba ba senang madi gotlhelele.

7. Seeing widespread alcoholism.

Go bona batho ba ba nwang bojalwa thatha.

8. Using one small room for office, bedroom, and shower.

Go dirisa kamore e le nngwe e nnye e le ofisi, kamore ya borobalo, 

le kamore ya botlhapelo.

9. Using the outdoor latrine.

Go dirisa ntlwana ya boithomelo ya kwa ntle.

10. The smell of the outdoor latrine.

Monko wa ntlwana ya boithomelo ya kwa ntle.

11. Walking to the latrine in the dark in the morning.

Go ya kwa ntlwaneng ya boithomelo mo lefifing phakela.

12. Chickens defecating on my porch.

Dikoko di ithomela mo setupung same.

13. Goats drinking from my buckets.

Dipodi di nwela metsi mo diemereng tsame.

14. Cloudy days when the solar panel does not work well.

Malatsi a maru a thibileng fa maranyane a letsatsi a sa bereke sentle.

15. Seeing three bars (not charged) on the inverter.

Go bona invetara (sekaedi sa motlakase), e na le masedi a le mararo.

16. No electricity (no fans or heaters).

Ga go na motlakase (ga go na fene, ga go na hitara).

17. No washing machine.

Ga go na motšhine o o tlhatswang diaparo.

18. No indoor running water.

Ga go na metsi mo ntlong.

19. Getting skin cancer from being in the sun.

Go tsenwa ke kankere ya letlalo fa ke nna mo letsatsing.

20. Getting out of my blankets in the frigid morning air.

Go tswa mo dikobong fa go le tsididi phakela.

21. Chickens crowing during recording.

Dikoko di lela fa ke gatisa batho.

22. Children crying during recording.

Bana ba lela fa ke gatisa dipolelo tsa Batho.

23. Worrying about my house in Gaborone getting robbed.

Go belaela gore ntlo yame ko Gaborone e tla thubiwa.

24. Living outside my comfort zone.

Go nna go sena manobonobo.


Implicit Arguments at WCCFL 41 (2023): Handout and Posters

 Here are three posters and one talk handout to be presented at WCCFL 41 at Santa Cruz. 

All of these presentations concern the syntax of implicit arguments.


Buli

Passive without Morphology: A Case for Implicit Arguments

Abdul-Razak Sulemana, University of Ghana, Legon


Ewe

The Syntax of Ewe (Tongugbe) Nya-Constructions

Selikem Gotah, New York University


Greek

On the Syntactic Status of Implicit Arguments in UG: Greek as a Case Study

Nikos Angelopoulos, Chris Collins, Dimitris Michelioudakis and Arhonto Terzi


Spanish

Two is Better than One: A Number Mismatch with Deficient Implicit Arguments

John David Storment, Stony Brook

Thursday, April 6, 2023

MA Scholarship: Khoisan Languages at MIT

This is a legitimate opportunity for those of you who are interested in promoting Khoisan languages in Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, Angola and Zimbabwe. Please take a look at the description and see if it is right for you. Linguistics background is not necessary.
 

Tuesday, March 7, 2023

Internet Searches as a Tool in Syntactic Research (third version)

Internet searches have turned out to be a revolutionary tool in syntactic research. In this blog post, I outline the general methodology.

Friday, March 3, 2023

Tuesday, February 28, 2023

Friday, February 24, 2023

The Distribution of Particles in Quotative Inversion (Collins 2003)

In this paper , I revisit the analysis of Quotative Inversion (QI) presented in Collins (1997) (see also Collins and Branigan (1997), and see Doeleman 1998 and Suñer 2000 on QI in other languages). Based on the distribution of particles in QI, I will show that the […V Subj…] word order found in QI (quotative inversion) is the result of VP movement to a position c-commanding the in-situ Subj. The distribution of particles provides direct evidence against the verb movement analysis of QI given in Collins 1997.

The Distribution of Particles in Quotative Inversion


Friday, February 17, 2023

Head-Raising from Collins 2015 (Grammatical Analysis II)

 Here is a handout on the head-raising analysis of relative clauses, based on Collins 2015.

It just gives the tree diagram for a simple example.

Head-Raising Analysis

Tuesday, January 31, 2023

Internet Searches as a Tool in Syntactic Research (second version)

Motivation

Collins and Postal (2012, 2014) contain lots of data obtained from Internet searches. Such data is also cited extensively in chapters 2 and 3 of my forthcoming monograph “Principles of Argument Structure: A Merge Based Approach”. In this blog post, I offer a few guidelines on using such data in syntactic research.

Saturday, January 28, 2023

The Use of the Internet as a Natural Language Corpus in Syntactic Research

Motivation

Collins and Postal (2012, 2014) contain a large amount of data obtained from Internet searches. Similarly, such data is cited extensively in chapters 2 and 3 from my forthcoming monograph “Principles of Argument Structure: A Merge Based Approach”.

Thursday, January 5, 2023

An Asymmetry in Ellipsis and the Structure of UG

There are various processes by which the phonetic form of a word or a phrase is not pronounced (e.g., ellipsis under identity with an antecedent, but others as well). For example, in VP ellipsis, we have:

(1)

John left early, and Mary did <leave early> too.